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Assessment of adequate carrying capacities of arid landscapes with Ecosystem Analysis and landscape ecology.

A) Overview and recapitulation of some of the characteristics of our world's water resources.

B) Conflict resolution between modern technologies for groundwater exploitation and overuse of limited resources vs. ecologically based assessment of adequate carrying capacities of landscapes under estimation of arid-land ecosystem preconditions with limited groundwater enrichment. Limitation of groundwater utilization caused by groundwater depended timber vegetation cover in arid areas, especially in subtropical and tropical areas with seasonal rainfall. An excample from the Savanna belt.

Small scale closed loop recycling water management as a realization of demand-oriented subsidiarity.

Small scale closed loop recycling water management with decentral and quasi self-sustaining resource management as an alternative solution for cellular and regional supply and disposal structures. Subsistence farming as a realization of demand-oriented subsidiarity vs. TNCs, supraregional and national water resource management?

Conflicts between traditional and modern irrigation methods as a result of population growth in arid and semiarid areas.

Utilization of limited fossil groundwater resources in semi- and arid-areas for irrigation systems - Conflicts between traditional and modern methods as a result of population growth. Soil and groundwater salinity assessments as a key issue of applied ecosystem analysis and sustainable landscape management.

Reactivation of traditional groundwater enrichment and / or formation through rain-water harvesting / catchment systems.

Integrated water resource management with traditional artificial groundwater enrichment and/or groundwater formation through rain-water harvesting / catchment systems and temporary use of cisterns to bypass dry seasons. The impact of land-use on groundwater quantity and quality with small-scale or large-scale irrigation management techniques in arid areas with spotiness of rainfall and generally high variation of yearly precipitation rates.

Political implications of transfrontier ground water and surface water pollution with the potential result of significant losses of productive agricultural land (Part 1).

Political implications of transfrontier groundwater and surface water pollution with the potentially result of significant losses of productive agricultural land through salinization of soils, eventually to toxic levels for plants (e.g. high salt content of lower Jordan river). have to be solved by multi-regional and trans-national cooperation. Advantages and disadvantages of different desalinization methods for neighbouring countries will be presented.